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Historical perspective of the reproduction treatments
En 1978 se consiguió el primer embarazo con Fecundación in Vitro. En aquel momento, supuso una auténtica revolución por el logro científico que suponía.
For the first time in history, an egg was fertilized outside a woman’s body. The resulting embryo, once placed in the woman’s uterus, generated a pregnancy, which resulted in the birth of the baby girl Louise Brown.
Since then, the technology and the reproduction treatments have been developing in a spectacular way. At the same time, the problem of infertility has increased in frequency, so that now it affects one or two out of 5 couples in the developed world. More than one million children have already been born by In Vitro Fertilization worldwide.

However, this is not the end of the story. Society changes, evolves, new problems appear, new causes of infertility, new social realities. In parallel, Assisted Reproduction is developing techniques to adapt to these new demands and needs. One example is the development of the spermatic microinjection (ICSI), another revolutionary technique that allowed the fertilization of an egg with a single spermatozoid.

Infertility is not just a woman’s problem, as it was considered some time ago. Since the 60´, we have noticed a decrease in the quality of spermatozoids.
 
In fact, now we see that 80% of patients have a major problem with sperm (such as low sperm count, low motility, morphological alterations, etc.). Environmental contaminants, changes in life style, etc., have contributed to this. In 1992, a technique that allowed for the first time the fertilization of an egg with a single spermatozoid (the spermatic microinjection or ICSI) was developed. This made possible the fertilization of eggs in cases where even In Vitro Fertilization had failed..
Technological development has been unstoppable. Techniques like the culture of embryos to the blastocyst stage (sequential culture), the assisted hatching, or the pre-implantation genetic diagnosis have been developed and implemented in the clinical practice, allowing the achievement of pregnancies in cases in which previously only failures were obtained.
W
e have made great progress in the study of embryo implantation and, currently we have identified many causes of implantation failure that may be solved. These are only some examples of the development experienced by the Reproductive Medicine in the last 30 years.
Apart from the different causes of infertility, due to the transformation and modernization of our society, infertile couples are no longer the only ones who turn to the centers of Assisted Reproduction. Today, many women without a partner (and female couples) wish to have children to raise a family. Thanks to the use of sperm from donors, these women can have access to motherhood.
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Dr. Braulio Peramo Moya
Medical specialist in obstetrics and gynecology. Assisted reproduction.

Colegiado nº 282844119 del Ilustre Colegio Oficial de Médicos de Madrid | Registered Specialist n 6063017, General Medical Council of London”
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